There was written year 1962. In London, the Industrial exhibition was taken place. Both the specialist and pubic was interested in new material ” the substation, which was hard like horn, but it could be curved like leather, it could be cast, squeezed, coloured and cut”. Its inventor Englishman Alexander Parkes received for it a bronze metal. The inventor’s child was born from the mixture of chloroform and ricine oil, got name Parkesin. In 1866, he found Parkes Xylonite Company.

Alexander Parkes
(from  http://www.me.umist.ac.uk/historyp/parkpic.htm)

The himself, Parkes had not guessed at least, that he found ” the family ” of countless number of new materials and unsuspected characters, materials favoured by constructers and which will be hated by ecologists. We say plastic this ” family ” of the good and evil.

Being encouraged by the success of his parkesin, Parkes brought next plastic on the world gradually, but except celluloid, for its invention he obtained a patent next plastic were not commercial successful. Celluloid was produced as the compound of nitrocellulose with camphor as dissolvent. Later Parkes ran up the production for the industrial production in large – scale production. Since 1869, also American John Wesley Hyatt merited about spreading of celluloid. The celluloid was used on billiards balls [instead of horn], inset in collars, rulers, ping – pong balls, for producing of decorative subjects and especially films. The film – industry was on the one - side the greater customer on the other side, the film’s projectors and archivists were its greater envies. Why ? Because of its excellent characters, [elastics, transparency, possibility of laying on photo = sensitive layers and so on] it has still one character, which made many catastrophes and irreplaceable [cultural] losses; celluloid can burn excellently and it is without the access of air.

Leo Hendrik Baekeland
(from http://www.invent.org/book/book-text/4.html)

The substance of higher written plastic was the great molecule of cellulose. Leo Hendrik Baekeland, original Belgian, a chemist and an inventor started to use a new kind of great molecules. He obtained money from his first invention from 1899 [photographical paper Velox]; he sold it to his partner Eastman Kodak in a price of three quarters of million dollars. He built up laboratory and started to develop non – buried material for bowling, which was a great hit in New York in that time. Dr. Baekeland soon realised that the phenol resin, which he used could have much more using if it would be used as ingredient. This way the first artificial resin was produced by reaction between phenol and formaldehyde with a name Bakelite. Baekeland let this artificial material patented in 1909 and one year on it, he founded Bakelite Company.

The resin could be work up by forming or casting. In the first case it was warmed until it poured out in a thin layer, after getting hard it was crushing. After it, the fulfilling and colouring material was put to it. This mixture was rolled with heat rollers into desks, which was ground on gentle powder. Only after it, this material was formed in a form into needed shape under the great press and high temperature. After not - great modification of description it was possible to cast of resin into lead forms, which were put into a oven, where the resin was grown hard.

It is unbelievable that from these ugly materials it is possible to product nice, revolutionary plastic material for thousands possibilities of using.

Bakelite was used first as if unburied material and good insolent on isolators in electro technology and in car’s industrial, later it was spread quickly into other branches, especially after finishing of validity of the patent in 1927. The whole generations experienced this explosion, started by Bakelite telephone and wire receiver during Bakelite switches, drawers, plugs to Bakelite handles from doors and windows. Many people don’t let allowed on it because its characters were for many applications enough and mainly this material was cheap. It could not be said about many its successors it is sorry [for costumer].

The table telephone ” Gallion ” from 1937
(from http://www.quest-solutions.com/gallion.html)

The famous of Bakelite started slowly went away after The Second World War, when the first plastic materials was discovered, which could be cast by sprinkling [similarly as celluloid these materials are ordered among so called thermoplastic contrary bakelite, which belongs to so called thermo sets or racket - plastic]. During several tens of years, they ruled market from the great part. Especially without one of them – polystyrene – we cannot imagine our live [in several cases it is sorry], by toys starting and the computer technology ending.